Maintaining breast health is an essential part of overall well-being, and self-examinations play a crucial role in early detection of abnormalities. By regularly performing a self-exam, we can become more familiar with our breast tissue, helping to identify any changes that may require further investigation. This guide will walk you through how to perform a breast self-exam, what to look for, and why it is important to incorporate this into your routine.
Why Regular Breast Self-Exams Matter
Self-exams are not just a precautionary measure; they empower us with the knowledge of our own bodies. Early detection is key when it comes to breast cancer, and regular self-exams increase the chances of spotting issues at a stage when they are more treatable. According to health experts, about 40% of breast cancers are detected by women who feel a lump, which emphasizes the importance of knowing what is normal for your body. A monthly routine can help ensure that any potential issues are caught early, significantly improving outcomes.
When to Perform a Breast Self-Exam
The best time to perform a breast self-exam is a few days after your period ends, when your breasts are less swollen and tender. For those who no longer have periods, choosing a consistent day each month will help you remember to perform the check regularly. We recommend scheduling your self-exam for the same day each month, like the first or last day, to make it a reliable part of your health routine.
Step-by-Step Guide to Performing a Breast Self-Exam
1. Visual Inspection
Begin by standing in front of a mirror with your arms at your sides. Look carefully for any visible changes in the shape or contour of your breasts. Here’s what to check for:
- Changes in breast size or shape
- Skin dimpling or puckering
- Redness or scaly patches on the skin
- Nipples that have become inverted or changed position
- Unusual discharge from the nipples
Next, raise your arms above your head and look for the same changes. By changing the position of your arms, you’re able to spot differences that may not be visible when standing still.
2. Physical Examination (Lying Down)
Lie down on a flat surface, placing a pillow under your right shoulder, and position your right arm behind your head. This position helps to flatten the breast tissue and make it easier to feel.
Using the pads of your three middle fingers, move them in a circular motion, covering the entire breast area. Apply different levels of pressure:
- Light pressure for the tissue just under the skin
- Medium pressure for tissue a little deeper
- Firm pressure for the tissue closest to the chest and ribs
Move from the outer edge of the breast toward the nipple in a pattern, making sure to cover every part of the breast. Once you’ve completed the right side, switch to the left breast and repeat the process.
3. Physical Examination (Standing or Sitting)
Some changes are easier to feel when you are upright, so we recommend repeating the same circular examination while standing or sitting. Many women find that performing this step in the shower, where skin is wet and slippery, can make the exam easier. Again, use the same range of pressure—light, medium, and firm—and follow a circular or up-and-down pattern.
What to Look For During a Breast Self-Exam
While many lumps and irregularities found during self-exams are non-cancerous, there are several signs that require immediate attention from a healthcare provider:
- A lump or mass that feels harder than the rest of the breast tissue
- Thickened areas that feel different from other tissue
- Nipple discharge, particularly if it is bloody or clear (not milky)
- Changes in skin texture, such as dimpling or puckering
- Pain or tenderness that doesn’t go away after your next menstrual cycle
If you find a lump or any of the signs mentioned above, schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider as soon as possible. Do not panic, as many breast lumps are benign, but it’s crucial to have them examined.
How to Track Your Breast Health Over Time
Consistency is key when it comes to monitoring breast health. We recommend keeping a journal or using a health app to note any changes or concerns after each exam. By tracking these details over time, you’ll be better equipped to discuss any abnormalities with your doctor.
Tips for Effective Self-Exams
- Perform your exam on the same day each month.
- Take your time; rushing through the exam can lead to missed signs.
- If you feel unsure about what is normal, ask your doctor to demonstrate how to properly perform the exam.
- Pair your self-exams with regular mammograms and check-ups for a comprehensive breast health routine.
Professional Breast Health Screening
While self-exams are an excellent first step, they do not replace professional screenings like mammograms and clinical breast exams. Healthcare providers use specialized equipment to detect cancers that may not be felt or seen during self-exams. Mammograms are especially important for women over the age of 40, as they can identify cancerous cells before a lump can be detected.
Clinical breast exams are also a valuable part of routine check-ups, providing an opportunity for healthcare professionals to perform a more thorough assessment. In addition to exams, it is essential to discuss any personal or family history of breast cancer with your doctor to determine whether additional testing is necessary.
Common Myths About Breast Self-Exams
There are a few misconceptions that can cause confusion about self-exams. Let’s clear them up:
- Myth: If you don’t find a lump, you’re in the clear.
- Truth: Lumps are not the only sign of breast cancer. Look for changes in texture, color, and feel as well.
- Myth: Breast cancer only occurs in women over 40.
- Truth: While age is a factor, breast cancer can affect people of any age, which is why self-exams are important at all stages of life.
- Myth: Breast self-exams are enough.
- Truth: Self-exams are a critical part of breast health, but they should be supplemented by regular professional screenings.
